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VR-DUAL Action Bias

The primary aim is to examine whether virtual reality–delivered approach–avoidance training (AAT) improves effectiveness compared to the standard joystick-based PC version when added to treatment as usual (TAU) in inpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

This multinational randomized controlled trial (RCT) is conducted in inpatient units for alcohol dependence and dual diagnoses in Denmark, Germany, and Poland. A total of 204 patients with alcohol dependence are randomized (1:1:1) to virtual reality–based approach–avoidance training (VR-DUAL Action Bias) plus treatment as usual (TAU), standard PC-based AAT plus TAU, or TAU alone. The interventions comprise six sessions delivered over two weeks. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Primary outcomes include alcohol consumption (abstinence, drinking days, heavy drinking days), and secondary outcomes include craving and approach–avoidance bias.

This is the first cross-national RCT to examine stimulus-relevant AAT delivered in a virtual reality environment. Given that virtual reality has shown potential to enhance psychological interventions, and that AAT is effective as an add-on to TAU, this study examines whether delivery in more ecologically valid environments strengthens treatment effects. If effective, VR-DUAL Action Bias may be implemented as a scalable, low-cost add-on or continuing care intervention to enhance existing evidence-based treatments.


Last Updated 11.05.2026