Meet Catarina Ferreira
Catarina was interviewed by the Association "Women in Physics"
Catarina Ferreira is a Postdoc at University of Southern Denmark (SDU) at Mads Clausen Instituttet (MCI) in Sønderborg.
What motivated you to pursue a career in physics, and how did you choose your area of specialization?
Since I remember, I have always been a very curious and inquisitive person, questioning everything around me, and willing to learn new things every day. At the same time, I deeply enjoyed math. So, when I had to choose what to study at the university, physics seemed to me the most straightforward option. During my studies, I realized that I particularly enjoyed the combination between theory and experiments, either by theoretically understanding the experimental results I obtained or by predicting and optimizing the physical phenomena I was supposed to observe in the lab. So, when I got the chance to enroll in ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences in Barcelona – as a PhD student, I decided to integrate the Organic Nanostructured Photovoltaics group, which has a long-standing tradition of combining theory and experiments in photovoltaic systems. Since then, I have always been working in the frontier between physics, photonics, materials science, etc. applied to energy conversion systems (for example: solar cells and photoelectrochemical cells).
Where have you studied, and what did your career path look like until now?
I started my university studies in physics (BSc and MSc) in my hometown in Portugal, at the University of Minho. During that time, I had the chance to integrate the Electroactive Smart Materials group, where I was introduced to experimental research, working on polymer membranes and photocatalytic nanoparticles, while simultaneously performing computer simulations based on DFT. After I completed my Master’s degree, I worked as a research fellow there [University of Minho] for some months, on Raman spectroscopy, while I was applying for a PhD position. Later I moved to Barcelona to pursue my PhD at ICFO, where I learned about fabrication and characterization of photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells, as well as the application of optical management strategies to energy conversion devices. On September 2023, I defended my PhD thesis and, right after that, I moved to Denmark, to SDU, where I’ve been working as a postdoctoral researcher at POLIMA – the Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions – and SOLEN – SDU’s Climate Cluster Elite Centre on Solar Energy Conversion and Storage – somehow complementing and extending the knowledge I acquired during my PhD studies.
What is the focus of your current research, and why is it significant?
Currently, I’ve been dedicating my time to the nanoscopic characterization of photovoltaic materials using electron beams, while still working on the optical design and optimization of PV systems using light management strategies.
In the first case, I’m irradiating materials commonly used in PV devices with electrons and studying the visible radiation they emit after they de-excite to their ground states. By analyzing the intensity and spectral distribution of this emitted light, I can obtain important information on the optoelectronic properties of these materials, such as bandgap, presence, density, and distribution of defects, etc., which in turn are highly correlated to the performance of the photovoltaic cells created from these materials.
Another way to improve the performance of these devices, without modifying their constituting materials, is to utilize optical management techniques to control light absorption, reflection, and transmission. Therefore, part of my work consists of physical description of light propagation inside PV devices and theoretical prediction of the best system configurations, i.e. most suitable for specialized applications. As an example, I’m currently working on a Danish national project (ColorFoil) where I simulate/design different configurations for colored solar cells, to be later integrated into buildings, to make them more aesthetically appealing.
Looking ahead, which area of work are you most excited to explore (in or outside of academia)?
I really enjoy the work I’ve been doing, and in particular the use of more fundamental science (physics/optics) to tackle important global issues (in this case climate change and the need for alternative sources of energy that are renewable, sustainable, and efficient). Even if the “details” of my research may change, I’m very eager to keep on working on these challenges, and I hope I can contribute to making a positive change in our planet.
What keeps you motivated in your research and work, and how do you maintain that drive?
I think my main drive is my own curiosity, and the willingness to learn more and more every day. Fortunately, I work on something that I really enjoy and makes me feel professionally complete, which is one of the most relevant aspects to look for in any kind of job. So, even in the tough moments, when things don’t go so well, I just need to “take a step back” and think about why I am doing this work in the first place and what I achieved so far with my effort and dedication. After that, it is easy to put a smile back on my face and move forward. That’s why it is so important to choose something we really like to do!
Do you engage in public outreach or science communication related to your research? If so, what does that involve?
When I was living in Portugal I used to engage a lot in public outreach activities, such as visits to high schools, science fairs, astronomy observations for the general public, open-door days of the School of Sciences labs, masterclasses in particle physics, Europeans’ researchers night… For a few years, I was also part of the Physics Students Association of the University of Minho, and together with them I developed and participated in several activities to engage with the public. It was a great experience! Unfortunately, when I moved to Barcelona (and now to Denmark), I became way less active in science outreach, mostly due to the language barriers (Catalan, Danish).
Do you have any hobbies or activities outside of work that you are passionate about, and what makes them meaningful to you?
Back in the day, I used to be part of the swimming team of my hometown (Sporting Clube de Braga). And even though I left the team more than 15 years ago, I still enjoy diving in the swimming pool and just swim, non-stop, for like an hour. I think it is a great activity to free up my mind, to relax, and to come back with some fresh perspectives.
On the other hand, most likely due to my curiosity, I am also very passionate about traveling, getting to know new places, experiencing different cultures, trying out local food, and so on. I think these are always very enriching experiences so, whenever possible, I try to take the chance to go out and explore. And, of course, I can’t forget my camera! Do you know how much physics/optics is involved in a simple photograph?
What are your thoughts on the importance of being a mentor and advisor to students and younger scientists, and what is your own approach?
I think it is fundamental for young students and scientists to have good mentors along the way, capable of motivating, inspiring, and guiding them. A good mentor should be able to highlight the strong points of the student while providing constructive feedback on the less positive aspects, so the mentee can grow as a scientist/professional without losing its passion and motivation. At this point, I still haven’t had the chance to be a direct mentor/advisor of a young student/scientist, but I always try to encourage the newest members of my research groups to reach out for help, to share any work issues they may have, to discuss any difficulties, etc. and I really wish I can somehow contribute to keep their motivation high, because I can see how brilliant they are, both as people and as researchers!
Have any mentors played a significant role in your career, and how have they supported you?
Towards the end of my bachelor’s degree in physics, I was very unsure of which direction to take, in particular, whether I should continue my studies or look for opportunities in the job market. Fortunately, in that last semester, we had to carry on a mandatory research project (like a “BSc thesis”), under the supervision of a chosen Professor of our university, and I think I just made the best option I could have done! My bachelor’s supervisor was really supportive and motivational, his research group had a great atmosphere and union, and I really felt that I had found my place there. So, in the end, I opted to proceed with my studies, first with the MSc and then with the PhD degree. And I must say that, to a large extent, my first supervisor/mentor was responsible for guiding me in that direction. I feel that he always believed in my skills and dedication, he had the patience to listen and tried to guide me when I was in doubt, and always pushed me to achieve more than I would initially expect to be possible. And not only with me, I saw him always having this kind of attitude towards all of his students, regardless of their profiles and strengths. So, it’s probably not surprising that many of us ended up continuing our studies toward a PhD degree.
What advice would you give to young people, in particular women and minorities, who would like to pursue a career in science?
I think science is for everyone who enjoys it, regardless of gender, ethnicity, nationality, etc. So, don’t be afraid to try it out, if that is your passion! The scientific world is still not perfect, but it probably is more diverse than you may think. For instance, we do generally have a lot of contact with international researchers (myself included) from very different backgrounds, who bring with them new habits and perspectives, fostering diversity, tolerance, understanding, and respect for each other. In the end, we are all united by science and curiosity, and working toward the same common goals, so if that is also your passion, you may find a place here regardless of who you are and your background!
What motivated you to pursue a career in physics, and how did you choose your area of specialization?
Since I remember, I have always been a very curious and inquisitive person, questioning everything around me, and willing to learn new things every day. At the same time, I deeply enjoyed math. So, when I had to choose what to study at the university, physics seemed to me the most straightforward option. During my studies, I realized that I particularly enjoyed the combination between theory and experiments, either by theoretically understanding the experimental results I obtained or by predicting and optimizing the physical phenomena I was supposed to observe in the lab. So, when I got the chance to enroll in ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences in Barcelona – as a PhD student, I decided to integrate the Organic Nanostructured Photovoltaics group, which has a long-standing tradition of combining theory and experiments in photovoltaic systems. Since then, I have always been working in the frontier between physics, photonics, materials science, etc. applied to energy conversion systems (for example: solar cells and photoelectrochemical cells).
Where have you studied, and what did your career path look like until now?
I started my university studies in physics (BSc and MSc) in my hometown in Portugal, at the University of Minho. During that time, I had the chance to integrate the Electroactive Smart Materials group, where I was introduced to experimental research, working on polymer membranes and photocatalytic nanoparticles, while simultaneously performing computer simulations based on DFT. After I completed my Master’s degree, I worked as a research fellow there [University of Minho] for some months, on Raman spectroscopy, while I was applying for a PhD position. Later I moved to Barcelona to pursue my PhD at ICFO, where I learned about fabrication and characterization of photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells, as well as the application of optical management strategies to energy conversion devices. On September 2023, I defended my PhD thesis and, right after that, I moved to Denmark, to SDU, where I’ve been working as a postdoctoral researcher at POLIMA – the Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions – and SOLEN – SDU’s Climate Cluster Elite Centre on Solar Energy Conversion and Storage – somehow complementing and extending the knowledge I acquired during my PhD studies.
What is the focus of your current research, and why is it significant?
Currently, I’ve been dedicating my time to the nanoscopic characterization of photovoltaic materials using electron beams, while still working on the optical design and optimization of PV systems using light management strategies.
In the first case, I’m irradiating materials commonly used in PV devices with electrons and studying the visible radiation they emit after they de-excite to their ground states. By analyzing the intensity and spectral distribution of this emitted light, I can obtain important information on the optoelectronic properties of these materials, such as bandgap, presence, density, and distribution of defects, etc., which in turn are highly correlated to the performance of the photovoltaic cells created from these materials.
Another way to improve the performance of these devices, without modifying their constituting materials, is to utilize optical management techniques to control light absorption, reflection, and transmission. Therefore, part of my work consists of physical description of light propagation inside PV devices and theoretical prediction of the best system configurations, i.e. most suitable for specialized applications. As an example, I’m currently working on a Danish national project (ColorFoil) where I simulate/design different configurations for colored solar cells, to be later integrated into buildings, to make them more aesthetically appealing.
Looking ahead, which area of work are you most excited to explore (in or outside of academia)?
I really enjoy the work I’ve been doing, and in particular the use of more fundamental science (physics/optics) to tackle important global issues (in this case climate change and the need for alternative sources of energy that are renewable, sustainable, and efficient). Even if the “details” of my research may change, I’m very eager to keep on working on these challenges, and I hope I can contribute to making a positive change in our planet.
What keeps you motivated in your research and work, and how do you maintain that drive?
I think my main drive is my own curiosity, and the willingness to learn more and more every day. Fortunately, I work on something that I really enjoy and makes me feel professionally complete, which is one of the most relevant aspects to look for in any kind of job. So, even in the tough moments, when things don’t go so well, I just need to “take a step back” and think about why I am doing this work in the first place and what I achieved so far with my effort and dedication. After that, it is easy to put a smile back on my face and move forward. That’s why it is so important to choose something we really like to do!
Do you engage in public outreach or science communication related to your research? If so, what does that involve?
When I was living in Portugal I used to engage a lot in public outreach activities, such as visits to high schools, science fairs, astronomy observations for the general public, open-door days of the School of Sciences labs, masterclasses in particle physics, Europeans’ researchers night… For a few years, I was also part of the Physics Students Association of the University of Minho, and together with them I developed and participated in several activities to engage with the public. It was a great experience! Unfortunately, when I moved to Barcelona (and now to Denmark), I became way less active in science outreach, mostly due to the language barriers (Catalan, Danish).
Do you have any hobbies or activities outside of work that you are passionate about, and what makes them meaningful to you?
Back in the day, I used to be part of the swimming team of my hometown (Sporting Clube de Braga). And even though I left the team more than 15 years ago, I still enjoy diving in the swimming pool and just swim, non-stop, for like an hour. I think it is a great activity to free up my mind, to relax, and to come back with some fresh perspectives.
On the other hand, most likely due to my curiosity, I am also very passionate about traveling, getting to know new places, experiencing different cultures, trying out local food, and so on. I think these are always very enriching experiences so, whenever possible, I try to take the chance to go out and explore. And, of course, I can’t forget my camera! Do you know how much physics/optics is involved in a simple photograph?
What are your thoughts on the importance of being a mentor and advisor to students and younger scientists, and what is your own approach?
I think it is fundamental for young students and scientists to have good mentors along the way, capable of motivating, inspiring, and guiding them. A good mentor should be able to highlight the strong points of the student while providing constructive feedback on the less positive aspects, so the mentee can grow as a scientist/professional without losing its passion and motivation. At this point, I still haven’t had the chance to be a direct mentor/advisor of a young student/scientist, but I always try to encourage the newest members of my research groups to reach out for help, to share any work issues they may have, to discuss any difficulties, etc. and I really wish I can somehow contribute to keep their motivation high, because I can see how brilliant they are, both as people and as researchers!
Have any mentors played a significant role in your career, and how have they supported you?
Towards the end of my bachelor’s degree in physics, I was very unsure of which direction to take, in particular, whether I should continue my studies or look for opportunities in the job market. Fortunately, in that last semester, we had to carry on a mandatory research project (like a “BSc thesis”), under the supervision of a chosen Professor of our university, and I think I just made the best option I could have done! My bachelor’s supervisor was really supportive and motivational, his research group had a great atmosphere and union, and I really felt that I had found my place there. So, in the end, I opted to proceed with my studies, first with the MSc and then with the PhD degree. And I must say that, to a large extent, my first supervisor/mentor was responsible for guiding me in that direction. I feel that he always believed in my skills and dedication, he had the patience to listen and tried to guide me when I was in doubt, and always pushed me to achieve more than I would initially expect to be possible. And not only with me, I saw him always having this kind of attitude towards all of his students, regardless of their profiles and strengths. So, it’s probably not surprising that many of us ended up continuing our studies toward a PhD degree.
What advice would you give to young people, in particular women and minorities, who would like to pursue a career in science?
I think science is for everyone who enjoys it, regardless of gender, ethnicity, nationality, etc. So, don’t be afraid to try it out, if that is your passion! The scientific world is still not perfect, but it probably is more diverse than you may think. For instance, we do generally have a lot of contact with international researchers (myself included) from very different backgrounds, who bring with them new habits and perspectives, fostering diversity, tolerance, understanding, and respect for each other. In the end, we are all united by science and curiosity, and working toward the same common goals, so if that is also your passion, you may find a place here regardless of who you are and your background!
